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Cover 1
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Miscellaneous
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page OFC
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| Introduction |
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Article Title |
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Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Too Little or Too Much? The Past, Present, and Recommendations for the Future
This research workshop in 2009 grew out of a concern in the United States, Europe, and other countries with advanced medicine that it was time to revisit the parenteral requirements for a number of mi...
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Alan L. Buchman,
Lyn J. Howard,
Peggi Guenter,
Reid A. Nishikawa,
Charlene W. Compher,
Kelly A. Tappenden
et al.
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Full-length article
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pages S1-S6
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Zinc: An Essential Trace Element for Parenteral Nutrition
Zinc is an essential trace element for human nutrition that is an integral part of many enzyme systems, including DNA polymerase complex. Zinc deficiency has been associated with stunting of growth an...
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Khursheed Jeejeebhoy
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Full-length article
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pages S7-S12
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Copper in Parenteral Nutrition
Copper is an essential nutrient for humans. Copper is a component of numerous enzymes that affect a wide variety of metabolic processes. Copper deficiency can result in anemia, neutropenia, skeletal a...
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Moshe Shike
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Full-length article
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pages S13-S17
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Chromium in Parenteral Nutrition: Too Little or Too Much?
Although guidelines for routine parenteral supplements of chromium (Cr) were published, there remain major concerns about the infusion of excess Cr. In addition, little information is available on app...
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Adib Moukarzel
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Full-length article
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pages S18-S28
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Manganese in Parenteral Nutrition: Who, When, and Why Should We Supplement?
Micronutrient requirements are not fully understood. Parenteral nutrition (PN) usually contains the trace element (TE) manganese (Mn) from fixed-concentration TE supplements. Multiple TE formulations ...
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Gil Hardy
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Full-length article
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pages S29-S35
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Iodine: It's Important in Patients that Require Parenteral Nutrition
Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development because of inadequate thyroid hormone production. Four methods are generally recommended for assessment of iodine nutrition: ur...
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Michael B. Zimmermann
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Full-length article
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pages S36-S46
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Iron and Parenteral Nutrition
There is ample evidence that iron is an essential trace element, but assessment of iron status and decisions on the amounts needed and the means of delivery in patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) ha...
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Alastair Forbes
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Full-length article
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pages S47-S54
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Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Boron, Silicon, and Fluoride
Boron may be beneficial for bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, and the inflammatory response, and silicon may be beneficial for bone maintenance and wound healing. Fluoride ...
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Forrest H. Nielsen
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Full-length article
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pages S55-S60
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Selenium in Intravenous Nutrition
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for human beings, with serious consequences resulting from clinical deficiency. It therefore should be provided intravenously to all patients who require parente...
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Alan Shenkin
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Full-length article
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pages S61-S69
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Vitamin C Requirements in Parenteral Nutrition
Some biochemical functions of vitamin C make it an essential component of parenteral nutrition (PN) and an important therapeutic supplement in other acute conditions. Ascorbic acid is a strong aqueous...
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Mette M. Berger
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Full-length article
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pages S70-S78
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Vitamin D and the Parenteral Nutrition Patient
Vitamin D is a prohormone produced in the skin epidermis when irradiated with sunlight or ultraviolet light B. It is also absorbed from food or supplements. Vitamin D must be converted to 25-hydroxyvi...
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Hector F. DeLuca
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Full-length article
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pages S79-S91
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Vitamin E Requirements in Parenteral Nutrition
Patients with parenteral nutrition depend on an adequate supply of micronutrients, in particular, antioxidant vitamins and cofactors such as selenium. In cases of oxidative stress (eg, chronic inflamm...
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Hans K. Biesalski
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Full-length article
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pages S92-S104
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Vitamin K in Parenteral Nutrition
Vitamin K (as phylloquinone and menaquinones) is an essential cofactor for the conversion of peptide-bound glutamate to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) residues in a number of specialized Gla-containing...
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Martin J. Shearer
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Full-length article
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pages S105-S118
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The Addition of Choline to Parenteral Nutrition
Choline is a quaternary amine endogenously synthesized from the amino acid methionine or absorbed via the portal circulation. It is ubiquitous in the diet, although it has a greater presence in organ ...
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Alan L. Buchman
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Full-length article
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pages S119-S128
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Carnitine in Parenteral Nutrition
Several new functions or metabolic uses of carnitine and improvements in assessment of carnitine status impact carnitine dosing recommendations. Carnitine dosing will likely be customized for patients...
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Peggy R. Borum
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Full-length article
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pages S129-S134
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| Frontmatter |
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Editorial Board
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Editorial board
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page A1
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Table of Contents
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Contents list
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pages A3-A4
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Proceedings from the A.S.P.E.N. 2009 Research Workshop “Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Too Little or Too Much?”
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Miscellaneous
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page A7
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Information for Authors and Readers
Gastroenterology is the premiere journal in the field of gastrointestinal disease and is led by an internationally renowned board of editors. As the official journal of the AGA Institute, Gastroentero...
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Miscellaneous
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pages A9-A10
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Copyright Assignment, Authorship Responsibility, NIH Funding, Financial Disclosure, Institutional Review Board/Animal Care Committee Approval, and Sponsorship
Copyright Assignment. In consideration of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute (the “AGA Institute”) taking action to review and credit the below-identified submission (the “Ma...
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Miscellaneous
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page A12
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