« Previous
Next »
Gastroenterology
Volume 139, Issue 3
, Pages 779-787.e1
, September 2010
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is a Risk Factor for Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
References
- . Life histories of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis: a review of 2000 cases. Gastroenterology. 1950;16:25–38
- . The course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis. III. Complications. Gut. 1964;5:1–15
- Vascular complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1986;61:140–145
- . Inflammatory bowel disease promotes venous thrombosis earlier in life. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000;35:619–623
- The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:430–434
- Is inflammatory bowel disease an independent and disease specific risk factor for thromboembolism?. Gut. 2004;53:542–548
- Thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical setting, procoagulant profile and factor V Leiden. QJM. 1997;90:183–188
- Venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:97–101
- Overall and cause-specific mortality in ulcerative colitis: meta-analysis of population-based inception cohort studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:609–617
- . Rising prevalence of venous thromboembolism and its impact on mortality among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1–9
- Inflammation and coagulation in inflammatory bowel disease: the clot thickens. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:174–186
- Thrombotic vascular risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 1996;38:733–737
- Thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease: role of inherited thrombophilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2036–2041
- . Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9715):657–663
- Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:692–699
- The risk for fatal pulmonary embolism after discontinuing anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:766–774
- . Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet. 1999;353(9162):1386–1389
- Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology. Am J Med. 2004;117:19–25
- Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guideline (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(Suppl):454S–545S
- . Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy—who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients. Thromb Haemost. 2009;102:268–278
- . Deep vein thrombosis. Lancet. 2005;365(9465):1163–1174
- The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in men and women. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2558–2563
- Effect of patient′s sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2006;368:371–378
- The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:1–7
- Venous thromboembolism and cancer. Lancet. 1998;351:1077–1080
- High plasma levels of factor VIII and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:457–462
- The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among patients with high factor IX levels. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:28–32
- Overweight, obesity, and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1678–1683
- Strengthening of reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:W163–W194
- European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: definitions and diagnosis. Gut. 2006;55(Suppl 1):i1–i15
- European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis: definitions and diagnosis. J Crohns Colitis. 2008;2:1–23
- Imaging evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1999;28:129–184
- . Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA. 1990;263:2753–2769
- Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol. 2005;19(Suppl A):5–36
- . A simple index of Crohn's disease activity. Lancet. 1980;1(8167):514
- A simple clinical colitis activity index. Gut. 1998;43:29–32
- Patient defined dichotomous end points for remission and clinical improvement in ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2005;54:782–788
- A review of activity indices and efficacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:763–786
- . Tobacco consumption and disease duration are associated with fistulizing and structuring behaviours in the first 8 years of Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:363–368
- Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature. 1994;369:64–67
- . A common genetic variation in the 3′-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood. 1996;88:3698–3703
- . Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:1185–1190
- . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53:457–481
- . Statistics review 4: sample size calculation. Crit Care. 2002;6:335–341
- . Age at first venous thromboembolism and risk of recurrence: a prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2009;88:366–370
- The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoaglation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (A prospective cohort study in 1626 patients). Haematologica. 2007;92:199–205
- . Venous thromboembolism: risk factors for recurrence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:298–310
- Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand in the circulation of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Gut. 2003;52:1435–1441
- C-reactive protein and venous thromboembolism (A prospective investigation in the ARIC cohort). Thromb Haemost. 2009;102:615–619
- Meta-analysis: the utility and safety of heparin in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:653–663
This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity on page e12. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this exercise, successful learners will be able to identify the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.
Funding The study received funding through the Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna (project number 2551) and the Hochschuljubiläumsstiftung of the City of Vienna (H-806/2005).
PII: S0016-5085(10)00754-7
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.026
© 2010 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Gastroenterology
Volume 139, Issue 3
, Pages 779-787.e1
, September 2010

