Mucin Gene Deficiency in Mice Impairs Host Resistance to an Enteric Parasitic Infection

Background & Aims

Hyperplasia of mucin-secreting intestinal goblet cells accompanies a number of enteric infections, including infections by nematode parasites. Nevertheless, the precise role of mucins in host defense in nematode infection is not known. We investigated the role of the mucin (Muc2) in worm expulsion and host immunity in a model of nematode infection.

Methods

Resistant (BALB/c, C57BL/6), susceptible (AKR), and Muc2-deficient mouse strains were infected with the nematode, Trichuris muris, and worm expulsion, energy status of the whipworms, changes in mucus/mucins, and inflammatory and immune responses were investigated after infection.

Results

The increase in Muc2 production, observed exclusively in resistant mice, correlated with worm expulsion. Moreover, expulsion of the worms from the intestine was significantly delayed in the Muc2-deficient mice. Although a marked impairment in the development of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)–stained intestinal goblet cells was observed in Muc2-deficient mice, as infection progressed a significant increase in the number of PAS-positive goblet cells was observed in these mice. Surprisingly, an increase in Muc5ac, a mucin normally expressed in the airways and stomach, was observed after infection of only the resistant animals. Overall, the mucus barrier in the resistant mice was less permeable than that of susceptible mice. Furthermore, the worms isolated from the resistant mice had a lower energy status.

Conclusions

Mucins are an important component of innate defense in enteric infection; this is the first demonstration of the important functional contribution of mucins to host protection from nematode infection.

Keywords: Muc2, Goblet Cell, Enteric Infection, Host Resistance, Innate Immunity

Abbreviations used in this paper: ATP, adenosine triphosphate, BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine, IL-4, interleukin-4, KO, knockout, mMuc2, murine Muc2, PAS, periodic acid Schiff, Relm, resistin-like molecule, RT-PCR, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, SCID, severe combined immunodeficient, Tff3, trefoil factor 3, T_H, T helper, WT, wild-type