Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 5 , Pages 1559-1562 , November 2009

Synchronous Colorectal Cancer: Not Just Bad Luck?

  • Barbara A. Leggett

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests Address requests for reprints to: Professor Barbara Leggett, MD, Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Level 9 Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
    • ,
  • Daniel L. Worthley

References 

  1. Nosho K, Kure S, Irahara N, et al. A prospective cohort study shows unique epigenetic, genetic, and prognostic features of synchronous colorectal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:1609–1620
  2. Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology. 2007;50:113–130
  3. Ogino S, Goel A. Molecular classification and correlates in colorectal cancer. J Mol Diagn. 2008;10:13–27
  4. Jass JR. Serrated adenoma of the colorectum and the DNA-methylator phenotype. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2:398–405
  5. Spring KJ, Zhao ZZ, Karamatic R, et al. High prevalence of sessile serrated adenomas with BRAF mutations: a prospective study of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1400–1407
  6. Lynch HT, de la Chapelle A. Hereditary colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:919–932
  7. Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, et al. Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:261–268
  8. Cleary SP, Cotterchio M, Jenkins MA, et al. Germline MutY human homologue mutations and colorectal cancer: a multisite case-control study. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:1251–1260
  9. Leedham SJ, Graham TA, Oukrif D, et al. Clonality, founder mutations, and field cancerization in human ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:542–550
  10. Chow E, Lipton L, Lynch E, et al. Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome: phenotypic presentations and the role of MBD4 and MYH. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:30–39
  11. Jass JR, Iino H, Ruszkiewicz A, et al. Neoplastic progression occurs through mutator pathways in hyperplastic polyposis of the colorectum. Gut. 2000;47:43–49
  12. Abeyasundara H, Hampshire P. Hyperplastic polyposis associated with synchronous adenocarcinomas of the transverse colon. Aust NZ J Surg. 2001;71:686–687
  13. Leggett BA, Devereaux B, Biden K, et al. Hyperplastic polyposis: association with colorectal cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:177–184
  14. Rashid A, Houlihan PS, Booker S, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of hyperplastic polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:323–332
  15. Norrie MW, Hawkins NJ, Todd AV, et al. The role of hMLH1 methylation in the development of synchronous sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:674–680
  16. Aslanian HR, Burgart LJ, Harrington JJ, et al. Altered DNA mismatch repair expression in synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1385–1388
  17. Dykes SL, Qui H, Rothenberger DA, et al. Evidence of a preferred molecular pathway in patients with synchronous colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2003;98:48–54
  18. English DR, Young JP, Simpson JA, et al. Ethnicity and risk for colorectal cancers showing somatic BRAF V600E mutation or CpG island methylator phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17:1774–1780
  19. Young J, Barker MA, Simms LA, et al. Evidence for BRAF mutation and variable levels of microsatellite instability in a syndrome of familial colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:254–263
  20. Samowitz WS, Albertsen H, Sweeney C, et al. Association of Smoking, CpG Island Methylator Phenotype, and V600E BRAF Mutations in Colon Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1731–1738
  21. Shen L, Kondo Y, Rosner GL, et al. MGMT Promoter Methylation and Field Defect in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1330–1338
  22. Nakagawa H, Nuovo GJ, Zervos EE, et al. Age-related hypermethylation of the 5' region of MLH1 in normal colonic mucosa is associated with microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer development. Cancer Res. 2001;61:6991–6995
  23. Menigatti M, Truninger K, Gebbers JO, et al. Normal colorectal mucosa exhibits sex- and segment-specific susceptibility to DNA methylation at the hMLH1 and MGMT promoters. Oncogene. 2009;28:899–909
  24. Latournerie M, Jooste V, Cottet V, et al. Epidemiology and prognosis of synchronous colorectal cancers. The British journal of surgery. 2008;95:1528–1533
  25. Wright CM, Dent OF, Barker M, et al. Prognostic significance of extensive microsatellite instability in sporadic clinicopathological stage C colorectal cancer. The British journal of surgery. 2000;87:1197–1202
  26. Gryfe R, Kim H, Hsieh ET, et al. Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:69–77
  27. Samowitz WS, Sweeney C, Herrick J, et al. Poor survival associated with the BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite-stable colon cancers. Cancer Res. 2005;65:6063–6069
  28. Sawhney MS, Farrar WD, Gudiseva S, et al. Microsatellite instability in interval colon cancers. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1700–1705

 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.

PII: S0016-5085(09)01666-7

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.025

Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 5 , Pages 1559-1562 , November 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution