Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 6 , Pages 2041-2051 , December 2009

Regulation of Colonic Epithelial Repair in Mice by Toll-Like Receptors and Hyaluronic Acid

Received 6 March 2009 ,Accepted 20 August 2009.

References 

  1. Karamanos NK, Axelsson S, Vanky P, et al. Determination of hyaluronan and galactosaminoglycan disaccharides by high-performance capillary electrophoresis at the attomole level (Applications to analyses of tissue and cell culture proteoglycans). J Chromatogr A. 1995;696:295–305
  2. Tammi R, Saamanen A, Maibach H, et al. Degradation of newly synthesized high molecular mass hyaluronan in epidermal and dermal compartments of human skin in organ culture. J Invest Dermatol. 1991;97:126–130
  3. Fraser JR, Laurent TC, Laurent UB, et al. Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. J Intern Med. 1997;242:27–33
  4. Prehm P, Schumacher U. Inhibition of hyaluronan export from human fibroblasts by inhibitors of multidrug resistance transporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004;68:1401–1410
  5. Itano N, Atsumi F, Sawai T, et al. Abnormal accumulation of hyaluronan matrix diminishes contact inhibition of cell growth and promotes cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:3609–3614
  6. Itano N, Sawai T, Atsumi F, et al. Selective expression and functional characteristics of three mammalian hyaluronan synthases in oncogenic malignant transformation. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:18679–18687
  7. Stern R, Asari A, Sugahara K, et al. Hyaluronan fragments: an information-rich system. Eur J Cell Biol. 2006;85:699–715
  8. McKee CM, Penno MB, Cowman M, et al. Hyaluronan (HA) fragments induce chemokine gene expression in alveolar macrophages (The role of HA size and CD44). J Clin Invest. 1996;98:2403–2413
  9. McKee CM, Lowenstein CJ, Horton MR, et al. Hyaluronan fragments induce nitric-oxide synthase in murine macrophages through a nuclear factor kappaβ-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:8013–8018
  10. Sherman L, Sleeman J, Herrlich P, et al. Hyaluronate receptors: key players in growth, differentiation, migration and tumor progression. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1994;6:726–733
  11. Lesley J, Hascall VC, Tammi M, et al. Hyaluronan binding by cell surface CD44. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:26967–26975
  12. Stenson WF. Toll-like receptors and intestinal epithelial repair. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008;24:103–107
  13. Jiang D, Liang J, Fan J, et al. Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan. Nat Med. 2005;11:1173–1179
  14. Taylor K, Yamasaki K, Radek K, et al. Recognition of hayluronan released in sterile injury involves a unique receptor complex dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, CD44, and MD-2. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:18265–18275
  15. Majors AK, Austin RC, de la Motte CA, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hyaluronan deposition and leukocyte adhesion. J Biol Chem. 2003;78:47223–47231
  16. Collins CB, Ho J, Wilson TE, et al. CD44 deficiency attenuates chronic murine ileitis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1993–2002
  17. Brown SL, Riehl TE, Walker M, et al. MyD88-Dependent positioning of Ptgs2-expressing stromal cells maintains colonic epithelial proliferation during injury. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:258–269
  18. Fukata M, Chen A, Klepper A, et al. Cox-2 is regulated by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling: role in proliferation and apoptosis in the intestine. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:862–877
  19. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, et al. Recognition of commensal microflora by TLRs is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 2004;118:229–241
  20. Mummert M, Mohamadzadeh M, Mummert D, et al. Development of peptide inhibitor of hyaluronan-mediated leukocyte trafficking. J Exp Med. 2000;192:769–779
  21. Husebye H, Halaas O, Stenmark H, et al. Endocytic pathways regulate Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and link innate and adaptive immunity. EMBO J. 2006;25:683–692
  22. de la Motte C, Nigro J, Vasanji A, et al. Platelet-derived hyaluronidase 2 cleaves hyaluronan into fragments that trigger monocyte-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Pathol. 2009;174:2254–2264

 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.

 Funding Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01DK33165 and R01DK55753.

PII: S0016-5085(09)01545-5

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.055

Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 6 , Pages 2041-2051 , December 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution