This Month in Gastroenterology

(A) Kaplan–Meier estimates of 7-year cumulative probabilities of recurrent ulcer bleeding in the H pylori–negative, idiopathic ulcer cohort and the H pylori–positive ulcer cohort. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of 7-year cumulative probabilities of all-cause mortality in the H pylori–negative idiopathic ulcer cohort and the H pylori–positive ulcer cohort.

Influence of bariatric surgery on the amount of steatosis (top), on NAFLD score (middle), and on extent of fibrosis (bottom) after 1 and 5 years, compared with baseline.

Characterization of the microbiome in the distal esophagus. A type I microbiome is associated strongly with normal esophagus, whereas a type II microbiome is associated with esophagitis/Barrett's metaplasia. (Left) Comparisons of microbiome types according to culture conditions. (Right) Comparisons of microbiome types according to staining properties.

Effect of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-ON) on infection of various HCV genotypes and HCV replication. (A) HCVpp harboring E1E2 glycoproteins from genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 6a were inoculated into Hep3B cells and simultaneously treated with 100 nmol/L of degenerate PS-ON and phosphodiester 2′-O-methyl ribose oligonucleotides (PO-ON) that stabilizes the oligonucleotide from nuclease degradation (40-mer). Luciferase activities were determined 2 days later. (B) Subgenomic RNA or genotype 1b Con1 or 2a JFH1 were transfected into Huh7.5 cells. Four hours after transfection, a set of transfected cells was harvested as a control for transfection efficiency, and the remaining cells were treated with 100 nmol/L of PS-ON and PO-ON. Cells were then harvested at 72 hours post-transfection and luciferase activities determined. The replication level was presented as the ratio of the luciferase activity of the sample at 72 hours over that of 4 hours. Percentages of replication were determined by dividing the replication level of treated over that of untreated samples.