Gastroenterology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 451-458 , February 2009

Risk of Cervical Abnormalities in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

  • Harminder Singh

      Affiliations

    • Internal Medicine, and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Harminder Singh, MD, Section of Gastroenterology, 804-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E3P4. fax: (204) 789-3972
    • ,
  • Alain A. Demers

      Affiliations

    • Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Zoann Nugent

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Salaheddin M. Mahmud

      Affiliations

    • Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Erich V. Kliewer

      Affiliations

    • Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Charles N. Bernstein

      Affiliations

    • Internal Medicine, and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Received 19 May 2008 ,Accepted 9 October 2008.

References 

  1. Steben M, Duarte-Franco E. Human papillomavirus infection: epidemiology and pathophysiology. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;107:S2–S5
  2. Seshadri L, George SS, Vasudevan B, et al. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in renal transplant recipients. Indian J Cancer. 2001;38:92–95
  3. Tam LS, Chan AY, Chan PK, et al. Increased prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with human papillomavirus infection. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3619–3625
  4. Malouf MA, Hopkins PM, Singleton L, et al. Sexual health issues after lung transplantation: importance of cervical screening. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004;23:894–897
  5. Kane S, Khatibi B, Reddy D. Higher incidence of abnormal pap smears in women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:631–636
  6. Bhatia J, Bratcher J, Korelitz B, et al. Abnormalities of uterine cervix in women with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:6167–6171
  7. Venkatesan T, Beaulieu DB, Ferrer V, et al. Abnormal pap smear, cervical dysplasia and immunomodulator therapy in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gastroenterology. 2006;130(Suppl 2):A-3
  8. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Kliewer E, et al. Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Cancer. 2001;91:854–862
  9. ACOG practice bulletin (Cervical cytology screening. Number 45, August 2003). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;83:237–247
  10. Manitoba Cervical Cancer Screening Program (Management guidelines). Winnipeg: CancerCare Manitoba; 2008;
  11. Zimet GD, Shew ML, Kahn JA. Appropriate use of cervical cancer vaccine. Annu Rev Med. 2008;59:223–236
  12. Solomon D, Davey D, Kurman R, et al. Forum Group Members and the Bethesda The 2001 Bethesda system: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology. JAMA. 2002;287:2114–2119
  13. In:  Hotes Ellison J,  Wu XC,  McLaughlin C, et al. editor. Cancer in North America: 1999-2003. Volume 1:Sacramento, CA: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Inc; 2006;p. II-325;Incidence
  14. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, et al. Epidemiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a central Canadian province: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:916–924
  15. Robinson JR, Young TK, Roos LL, et al. Estimating the burden of disease (Comparing administrative data and self-reports). Med Care. 1997;35:932–947
  16. Roos LL, Mustard CA, Nicol JP, et al. Registries and administrative data: organization and accuracy. Med Care. 1993;31:201–212
  17. Kozyrskyj AL, Mustard CA. Validation of an electronic, population-based prescription database. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:1152–1157
  18. Martens PJ, Frohlich N, Carriere KC, et al. Embedding child health within a framework of regional health: population health status and sociodemographic indicators. Can J Public Health. 2002;93(Suppl 2):S15–S20
  19. Martens PJ, Derksen S, Gupta S. Predictors of hospital readmission of Manitoba newborns within six weeks postbirth discharge: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2004;114:708–713
  20. Frohlich N, Mustard C. A regional comparison of socioeconomic and health indices in a Canadian province. Soc Sci Med. 1996;42:1273–1281
  21. Schneeweiss S. Sensitivity analysis and external adjustment for unmeasured confounders in epidemiologic database studies of therapeutics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15:291–303
  22. Castle PE, Giuliano AR. Chapter 4: genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients—assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2003;31:29–34
  23. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. 1999;189:12–19
  24. Franco EL, Rohan TE, Villa LL. Epidemiologic evidence and human papillomavirus infection as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:506–511
  25. Cosnes J, Nion-Larmurier I, Beaugerie L, et al. Impact of the increasing use of immunosuppressants in Crohn's disease on the need for intestinal surgery. Gut. 2005;54:237–241
  26. Rambout L, Hopkins L, Hutton B, et al. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus infection and disease in women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ. 2007;177:469–479
  27. Jacobsen BA, Fallingborg J, Rasmussen HH, et al. Increase in incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in northern Denmark: a population-based study, 1978–2002. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18:601–606
  28. Selby L, Kane S, Wilson J, et al. Receipt of preventive health services by IBD patients is significantly lower than by primary care patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:253–258
  29. Castellsague X, Munoz N. Chapter 3: cofactors in human papillomavirus carcinogenesis--role of parity, oral contraceptives, and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2003;31:20–28
  30. Bosch FX, de SS. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Dis Markers. 2007;23:213–227
  31. Moody G, Probert CS, Srivastava EM, et al. Sexual dysfunction amongst women with Crohn's disease: a hidden problem. Digestion. 1992;52:179–183
  32. Timmer A, Bauer A, Dignass A, et al. Sexual function in persons with inflammatory bowel disease: a survey with matched controls. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:87–94
  33. Saldivar JS, Lopez D, Feldman RA, et al. COX-2 overexpression as a biomarker of early cervical carcinogenesis: a pilot study. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;107:S155–S162
  34. Sorensen HT, Friis S, Norgard B, et al. Risk of cancer in a large cohort of nonaspirin NSAID users: a population-based study. Br J Cancer. 2003;88:1687–1692
  35. Essebag V, Platt RW, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Comparison of nested case-control and survival analysis methodologies for analysis of time-dependent exposure. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5:5
  36. Etminan M. Pharmacoepidemiology II: the nested case-control study—a novel approach in pharmacoepidemiologic research. Pharmacotherapy. 2004;24:1105–1109
  37. Franco EL, Duarte-Franco E, Ferenczy A. Cervical cancer: epidemiology, prevention and the role of human papillomavirus infection. CMAJ. 2001;164:1017–1025
  38. Pomerleau J, Pederson LL, Ostbye T, et al. Health behaviours and socio-economic status in Ontario, Canada. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997;13:613–622
  39. Franco EL, Schlecht NF, Saslow D. The epidemiology of cervical cancer. Cancer J. 2003;9:348–359

 The authors disclose the following: Funding for this study was provided by the Manitoba Medical Services Foundation. H.S. is supported in part by a Dr F. W. Du Val Clinical Research Professorship Award. C.N.B. is supported in part by a Research Scientist Award of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada.

 The results and conclusions are those of the authors, and no official endorsement by Manitoba Health and Healthy Living is intended or should be inferred.

PII: S0016-5085(08)01857-X

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.021

Gastroenterology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 451-458 , February 2009

Article Tools