Gastroenterology
Volume 134, Issue 2 , Pages 388-395.e3 , February 2008

Cigarette Smoking and Adenomatous Polyps: A Meta-analysis

  • Edoardo Botteri

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Edoardo Botteri, MD, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy. fax: (39) 02-57489922.
    • ,
  • Simona Iodice

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Sara Raimondi

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Patrick Maisonneuve

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Albert B. Lowenfels

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery and Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York

Received 31 August 2007 ,Accepted 25 October 2007.

References 

  1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108
  2. Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S, et al. Tobacco smoking and cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2008;1:155–164
  3. Wogan GN, Hecht SS, Felton JS, et al. Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2004;14:473–486
  4. Hecht SS. Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:733–744
  5. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2004;83:1–1438
  6. Giovannucci E. An updated review of the epidemiological evidence that cigarette smoking increases risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:725–731
  7. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell. 1990;61:759–767
  8. Hill MJ, Morson BC, Bussey HJ. Aetiology of adenoma—carcinoma sequence in large bowel. Lancet. 1978;1:245–247
  9. Hill MJ. European Organization for Cooperation in Cancer Prevention: research and policy for primary prevention of colorectal cancer and background of intervention trial. In:  Rozen P,  Reich CB,  Winawer SJ editor. Frontiers of gastrointestinal research. Volume 18. Large bowel cancer policy, prevention, research and treatment. Basel: Karger; 1991;p. 38–59
  10. Neugut AI, Jacobson JS, De V, et al. Epidemiology of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993;2:159–176
  11. Terry MB, Neugut AI. Cigarette smoking and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: a hypothesis to explain the paradox. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:903–910
  12. Neugut AI, Terry MB. Cigarette smoking and microsatellite instability: causal pathway or marker-defined subset of colon tumors?. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1791–1793
  13. Greenland S. Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev. 1987;9:1–30
  14. van Houwelingen HC, Arends LR, Stijnen T. Advanced methods in meta-analysis: multivariate approach and meta-regression. Stat Med. 2002;21:589–624
  15. Greenland S, Longnecker MP. Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:1301–1309
  16. Egger M, Davey SG, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–634
  17. Honjo S, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1992;83:806–811
  18. Honjo S, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. The relation of smoking, alcohol use and obesity to risk of sigmoid colon and rectal adenomas. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1995;86:1019–1026
  19. Inoue H, Kiyohara C, Marugame T, et al. Cigarette smoking, CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes, and colorectal adenomas. Cancer Res. 2000;60:3749–3752
  20. Toyomura K, Yamaguchi K, Kawamoto H, et al. Relation of cigarette smoking and alcohol use to colorectal adenomas by subsite: the self-defense forces health study. Cancer Sci. 2004;95:72–76
  21. Tiemersma EW, Bunschoten A, Kok FJ, et al. Effect of SULT1A1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphism on the association between cigarette smoking and colorectal adenomas. Int J Cancer. 2004;108:97–103
  22. van den Donk M, Buijsse B, van den Berg SW, et al. Dietary intake of folate and riboflavin, MTHFR C677T genotype, and colorectal adenoma risk: a Dutch case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1562–1566
  23. Tranah GJ, Giovannucci E, Ma J, et al. Epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms, cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Carcinogenesis. 2004;25:1211–1218
  24. Tranah GJ, Giovannucci E, Ma J, et al. APC Asp1822Val and Gly2502Ser polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:863–870
  25. Boutron MC, Faivre J, Dop MC, et al. Tobacco, alcohol, and colorectal tumors: a multistep process. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141:1038–1046
  26. Breuer-Katschinski B, Nemes K, Marr A, et al. Alcohol and cigarette smoking and the risk of colorectal adenomas. Dig Dis Sci. 2000;45:487–493
  27. Almendingen K, Hofstad B, Trygg K, et al. Smoking and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2000;9:193–203
  28. Skjelbred CF, Saebo M, Wallin H, et al. Polymorphisms of the XRCC1, XRCC3 and XPD genes and risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma, in a Norwegian cohort: a case control study. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:67
  29. Larsen IK, Grotmol T, Almendingen K, et al. Lifestyle as a predictor for colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic individuals. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6:5
  30. Anderson JC, Attam R, Alpern Z, et al. Prevalence of colorectal neoplasia in smokers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:2777–2783
  31. Ji BT, Weissfeld JL, Chow WH, et al. Tobacco smoking and colorectal hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:897–901
  32. Lee WC, Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, et al. Cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, and caffeine as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Ann Epidemiol. 1993;3:239–244
  33. Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in U.S. women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:192–199
  34. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in U.S. men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:183–191
  35. Kune GA, Kune S, Watson LF, et al. Smoking and adenomatous colorectal polyps. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:1370–1371
  36. Heineman EF, Zahm SH, McLaughlin JK, et al. Increased risk of colorectal cancer among smokers: results of a 26-year follow-up of US veterans and a review. Int J Cancer. 1994;59:728–738
  37. Longnecker MP, Chen MJ, Probst-Hensch NM, et al. Alcohol and smoking in relation to the prevalence of adenomatous colorectal polyps detected at sigmoidoscopy. Epidemiology. 1996;7:275–280
  38. Regula J, Rupinski M, Kraszewska E, et al. Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1863–1872
  39. Demers RY, Neale AV, Demers P, et al. Serum cholesterol and colorectal polyps. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41:9–13
  40. Kikendall JW, Bowen PE, Burgess MB, et al. Cigarettes and alcohol as independent risk factors for colonic adenomas. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:660–664
  41. Kato I, Tominaga S, Matsuura A, et al. A comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1990;81:1101–1108
  42. Cope GF, Wyatt JI, Pinder IF, et al. Alcohol consumption in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps. Gut. 1991;32:70–72
  43. Monnet E, Allemand H, Farina H, et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of colorectal adenoma in men. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1991;26:758–762
  44. Shahangian S, Fritsche HA, Hughes JI. Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum of patients with colorectal polyps: correlation with histology and smoking status. Clin Chem. 1991;37:651–655
  45. Zahm SH, Cocco P, Blair A. Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for colon polyps. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:846–849
  46. Clark LC, Hixson LJ, Combs GFJ, et al. Plasma selenium concentration predicts the prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993;2:41–46
  47. Olsen J, Kronborg O. Coffee, tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for cancer and adenoma of the large intestine. Int J Epidemiol. 1993;22:398–402
  48. Martinez ME, McPherson RS, Annegers JF, et al. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:274–279
  49. Lubin F, Rozen P, Arieli B, et al. Nutritional and lifestyle habits and water-fiber interaction in colorectal adenoma etiology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6:79–85
  50. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Kametani M, et al. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and colorectal adenoma in Japanese men and women. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:337–342
  51. Hoshiyama Y, Kono S, Sasaba T, et al. Relation of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and dietary habits to colon adenomas: a case-control study in Saitama, Japan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2000;1:139–146
  52. Ulrich CM, Bigler J, Whitton JA, et al. Epoxide hydrolase Tyr113His polymorphism is associated with elevated risk of colorectal polyps in the presence of smoking and high meat intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:875–882
  53. Cardoso MA, Maruta LM, Kida AA, et al. Micronutrients and the risk of colorectal adenomas: a case-control study in Sao Paulo, Brazil. IARC Sci Publ. 2002;156:361–363
  54. Erhardt JG, Kreichgauer HP, Meisner C, et al. Alcohol, cigarette smoking, dietary factors and the risk of colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps—a case control study. Eur J Nutr. 2002;41:35–43
  55. Voskuil DW, Kampman E, Grubben MJ, et al. Meat consumption and meat preparation in relation to colorectal adenomas among sporadic and HNPCC family patients in The Netherlands. Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:2300–2308
  56. Sparks R, Bigler J, Sibert JG, et al. TGFbeta1 polymorphism (L10P) and risk of colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:955–961
  57. Gong Z, Xie D, Deng Z, et al. The PPAR{gamma} Pro12Ala polymorphism and risk for incident sporadic colorectal adenomas. Carcinogenesis. 2005;26:579–585
  58. Jiang J, Suzuki S, Xiang J, et al. Plasma carotenoid, alpha-tocopherol and retinol concentrations and risk of colorectal adenomas: a case-control study in Japan. Cancer Lett. 2005;226:133–141
  59. Kim CS, Kim MC, Cheong HK, et al. [The association of obesity and left colonic adenomatous polyps in Korean adult men.]. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2005;38:415–419
  60. Mitrou PN, Watson MA, Loktionov AS, et al. MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms and risk of sporadic distal colorectal adenoma in the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (United Kingdom). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17:793–801
  61. Otani T, Iwasaki M, Ikeda S, et al. Serum triglycerides and colorectal adenoma in a case-control study among cancer screening examinees (Japan). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17:1245–1252
  62. Reid ME, Duffield-Lillico AJ, Sunga A, et al. Selenium supplementation and colorectal adenomas: an analysis of the nutritional prevention of cancer trial. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:1777–1781
  63. Stern MC, Siegmund KD, Conti DV, et al. XRCC1, XRCC3, and XPD polymorphisms as modifiers of the effect of smoking and alcohol on colorectal adenoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:2384–2390
  64. Ashktorab H, Begum R, Akhgar A, et al. Folate status and risk of colorectal polyps in African Americans. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:1462–1470

PII: S0016-5085(07)01997-X

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.007

Gastroenterology
Volume 134, Issue 2 , Pages 388-395.e3 , February 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution