Gastroenterology
Volume 133, Issue 2 , Pages 706-709 , August 2007

Teaching Tolerance With a Probiotic Antigen Delivery System

  • Michel H. Maillard
  • ,
  • Scott B. Snapper

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Scott B. Snapper, MD, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. fax: (617) 726-2373.

References 

  1. Iweala OI, Nagler CR. Immune privilege in the gut: the establishment and maintenance of non-responsiveness to dietary antigens and commensal flora. Immunol Rev. 2006;213:82–100
  2. Strobel S, Mowat AM. Oral tolerance and allergic responses to food proteins. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:207–213
  3. Strober W, Fuss I, Mannon P. The fundamental basis of inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:514–521
  4. Faria AM, Weiner HL. Oral tolerance. Immunol Rev. 2005;206:232–259
  5. Friedman A, Weiner HL. Induction of anergy or active suppression following oral tolerance is determined by antigen dosage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:6688–6692
  6. Chen Y, Inobe J, Marks R, et al. Peripheral deletion of antigen-reactive T cells in oral tolerance. Nature. 1995;376:177–180
  7. Garside P, Steel M, Worthey EA, et al. Lymphocytes from orally tolerized mice display enhanced susceptibility to death by apoptosis when cultured in the absence of antigen in vitro. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:1971–1979
  8. Miyara M, Sakaguchi S. Natural regulatory T cells: mechanisms of suppression. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:108–116
  9. Lider O, Santos LM, Lee CS, et al. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of myelin basic protein (II. Suppression of disease and in vitro immune responses is mediated by antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes). J Immunol. 1989;142:748–752
  10. Santos LM, al-Sabbagh A, Londono A, et al. Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein induces regulatory TGF-beta-secreting T cells in Peyer’s patches of SJL mice. Cell Immunol. 1994;157:439–447
  11. Miller A, Lider O, Roberts AB, et al. Suppressor T cells generated by oral tolerization to myelin basic protein suppress both in vitro and in vivo immune responses by the release of transforming growth factor beta after antigen-specific triggering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:421–425
  12. Bluestone JA, Abbas AK. Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:253–257
  13. Groux H, O’Garra A, Bigler M, et al. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature. 1997;389:737–742
  14. Kullberg MC, Jankovic D, Gorelick PL, et al. Bacteria-triggered CD4(+) T regulatory cells suppress Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis. J Exp Med. 2002;196:505–515
  15. Zheng Y, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 in control of the regulatory T cell lineage. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:457–462
  16. Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self. Nat Immunol. 2005;6:345–352
  17. Powrie F, Leach MW, Mauze S, et al. Phenotypically distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells induce or protect from chronic intestinal inflammation in C (B-17 scid mice). Int Immunol. 1993;5:1461–1471
  18. Lyon MF, Peters J, Glenister PH, et al. The scurfy mouse mutant has previously unrecognized hematological abnormalities and resembles Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:2433–2437
  19. Willerford DM, Chen J, Ferry JA, et al. Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment. Immunity. 1995;3:521–530
  20. Sadlack B, Merz H, Schorle H, et al. Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene. Cell. 1993;75:253–261
  21. Thorstenson KM, Khoruts A. Generation of anergic and potentially immunoregulatory CD25+CD4 T cells in vivo after induction of peripheral tolerance with intravenous or oral antigen. J Immunol. 2001;167:188–195
  22. Bettelli E, Carrier Y, Gao W, et al. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature. 2006;441:235–238
  23. Fantini MC, Becker C, Monteleone G, et al. Cutting edge: TGF-beta induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25- T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7. J Immunol. 2004;172:5149–5153
  24. Chen W, Jin W, Hardegen N, et al. Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3. J Exp Med. 2003;198:1875–1886
  25. Huibregtse IL, Snoeck V, de Creus A, et al. Induction of ovalbumin-specific tolerance by oral administration of Lactococcus lactis secreting ovalbumin. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:517–528
  26. Steidler L, Hans W, Schotte L, et al. Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10. Science. 2000;289:1352–1355
  27. Sing A, Rost D, Tvardovskaia N, et al. Yersinia V-antigen exploits toll-like receptor 2 and CD14 for interleukin 10-mediated immunosuppression. J Exp Med. 2002;196:1017–1024
  28. Foligne B, Dessein R, Marceau M, et al. Prevention and treatment of colitis with Lactococcus lactis secreting the immunomodulatory Yersinia LcrV protein. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:(in press)
  29. Braat H, Rottiers P, Hommes DW, et al. A phase I trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin-10 in Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:754–759
  30. Broekaert IJ, Walker WA. Probiotics and chronic disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:270–274
  31. Repa A, Grangette C, Daniel C, et al. Mucosal co-application of lactic acid bacteria and allergen induces counter-regulatory immune responses in a murine model of birch pollen allergy. Vaccine. 2003;22:87–95
  32. Pochard P, Gosset P, Grangette C, et al. Lactic acid bacteria inhibit TH2 cytokine production by mononuclear cells from allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:617–623
  33. Adel-Patient K, Ah-Leung S, Creminon C, et al. Oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing bovine beta-lactoglobulin partially prevents mice from sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35:539–546
  34. Yarovinsky F, Kanzler H, Hieny S, et al. Toll-like receptor recognition regulates immunodominance in an antimicrobial CD4+ T cell response. Immunity. 2006;25:655–664
  35. Blander JM, Medzhitov R. Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells. Nature. 2006;440:808–812
  36. Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, et al. Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:361–367
  37. Niess JH, Brand S, Gu X, et al. CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science. 2005;307:254–258
  38. Fuss IJ, Boirivant M, Lacy B, et al. The interrelated roles of TGF-beta and IL-10 in the regulation of experimental colitis. J Immunol. 2002;168:900–908

PII: S0016-5085(07)01287-5

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.055

Gastroenterology
Volume 133, Issue 2 , Pages 706-709 , August 2007