Gastroenterology
Volume 132, Issue 1 , Pages 87-95 , January 2007

Lifestyle Factors and Risk for Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux in Monozygotic Twins

  • Zongli Zheng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Zongli Zheng, MD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Box 281, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. fax: (46) 831 49 75.
  • ,
  • Helena Nordenstedt

      Affiliations

    • Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • ,
  • Nancy L. Pedersen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
  • ,
  • Jesper Lagergren

      Affiliations

    • Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • ,
  • Weimin Ye

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm

Received 14 March 2006 ,Accepted 28 September 2006.

References 

  1. Nebel OT, Fornes MF, Castell DO. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux: incidence and precipitating factors. Am J Dig Dis. 1976;21:953–956
  2. Locke GR, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:1448–1456
  3. El-Serag HB, Petersen NJ, Carter J, Graham DY, Richardson P, Genta RM, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux among different racial groups in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1692–1699
  4. Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, Hveem K, Lagergren J. Prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms and the influence of age and sex. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:1040–1045
  5. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, Nyren O. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:825–831
  6. Revicki DA, Wood M, Maton PN, Sorensen S. The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life. Am J Med. 1998;104:252–258
  7. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer. 1998;83:2049–2053
  8. Sandler RS, Everhart JE, Donowitz M, Adams E, Cronin K, Goodman C, et al. The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:1500–1511
  9. DeVault KR, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:190–200
  10. Shaheen N, Ransohoff DF. Gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal cancer: clinical applications. JAMA. 2002;287:1982–1986
  11. Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:199–211
  12. Jacobson BC, Somers SC, Fuchs CS, Kelly CP, Camargo CA. Body-mass index and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2340–2348
  13. Dennish GW, Castell DO. Inhibitory effect of smoking on the lower esophageal sphincter. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:1136–1137
  14. Trudgill NJ, Smith LF, Kershaw J, Riley SA. Impact of smoking cessation on salivary function in healthy volunteers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33:568–571
  15. Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, Hveem K, Lagergren J. Lifestyle related risk factors in the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Gut. 2004;53:1730–1735
  16. Mohammed I, Cherkas LF, Riley SA, Spector TD, Trudgill NJ. Genetic influences in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a twin study. Gut. 2003;52:1085–1089
  17. Locke GR, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Risk factors associated with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Med. 1999;106:642–649
  18. Nocon M, Labenz J, Willich SN. Lifestyle factors and symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux—a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:169–174
  19. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Overweight, but not high dietary fat intake, increases risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease hospitalization: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Ann Epidemiol. 1999;9:424–435
  20. Pehl C, Pfeiffer A, Wendl B, Nagy I, Kaess H. Effect of smoking on the results of esophageal pH measurement in clinical routine. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997;25:503–506
  21. Lien HC, Chen GH, Chang CS, Kao CH, Wang SJ. The effect of coffee on gastric emptying. (abstr) Nucl Med Commun. 1995;16:923–926
  22. Pehl C, Wendl B, Pfeiffer A, Schmidt T, Kaess H. Low-proof alcoholic beverages and gastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:93–96
  23. Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y, Shiba M, Watanabe T, Tominaga K, Oshitani N, et al. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Japanese men. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:807–811
  24. Stanghellini V. Relationship between upper gastrointestinal symptoms and lifestyle, psychosocial factors and comorbidity in the general population: results from the Domestic/International Gastroenterology Surveillance Study (DIGEST). Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1999;231:29–37
  25. Terry P, Lagergren J, Wolk A, Nyren O. Reflux-inducing dietary factors and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Nutr Cancer. 2000;38:186–191
  26. Pandolfino JE, Bianchi LK, Lee TJ, Hirano I, Kahrilas PJ. Esophagogastric junction morphology predicts susceptibility to exercise-induced reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1430–1436
  27. Parmelee-Peters K, Moeller JL. Gastroesophageal reflux in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2004;3:107–111
  28. Nandurkar S, Locke GR, Fett S, Zinsmeister AR, Cameron AJ, Talley NJ. Relationship between body mass index, diet, exercise and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20:497–505
  29. El-Serag HB, Satia JA, Rabeneck L. Dietary intake and the risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a cross-sectional study in volunteers. Gut. 2005;54:11–17
  30. Cameron AJ, Lagergren J, Henriksson C, Nyren O, Locke GR, Pedersen NL. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:55–59
  31. Bell CG, Walley AJ, Froguel P. The genetics of human obesity. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:221–234
  32. Kaprio J, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ. Genetic and environmental factors in health-related behaviors: studies on Finnish twins and twin families. Twin Res. 2002;5:366–371
  33. Lichtenstein P, De Faire U, Floderus B, Svartengren M, Svedberg P, Pedersen NL. The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies. J Intern Med. 2002;252:184–205
  34. Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics. 1986;42:121–130
  35. Shaheen N, Provenzale D. The epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Med Sci. 2003;326:264–273
  36. Liao T. Comparing social groups: Wald statistics for testing equality among multiple logit models. Int J Comp Sociol. 2004;45:3–16
  37. Human Mortality Database: University of California BU, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). Available at: http://www.mortality.org/. Accessed March 14, 2006.
  38. Nandurkar S, Talley NJ. Epidemiology and natural history of reflux disease. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2000;14:743–757
  39. Revicki DA, Wood M, Wiklund I, Crawley J. Reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Qual Life Res. 1998;7:75–83
  40. Ter RB, Castell DO. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with columnar-lined esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1997;26:549–563
  41. Locke GR, Talley NJ, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR. A new questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994;69:539–547
  42. Klauser AG, Schindlbeck NE, Muller-Lissner SA. Symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet. 1990;335:205–208
  43. Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, Hveem K, Lagergren J. Obesity and estrogen as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. JAMA. 2003;290:66–72
  44. Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1483–1487
  45. Lopez-Garcia E, van Dam RM, Rajpathak S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:674–680
  46. Gender differences in the metabolic responses to caffeine. In:  Tarnopolsky M editors. Gender differences in metabolism: CRC Press LLC. 1999;p. 307
  47. Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;28:425–428
  48. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, Sorisio DA, Thompson DS, Kirshner MA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;39:936–940
  49. Emerenziani S, Zhang X, Blondeau K, Silny J, Tack J, Janssens J, et al. Gastric fullness, physical activity, and proximal extent of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1251–1256
  50. Clark CS, Kraus BB, Sinclair J, Castell DO. Gastroesophageal reflux induced by exercise in healthy volunteers. JAMA. 1989;261:3599–3601

 Supported by grants from the Swedish Department of Higher Education, the Swedish Scientific Council, and Astra Zeneca for The Swedish Twin Registry; by funds from the NIH (AG 08724) for data collection in SALT; and the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Medical Society for analyses.

PII: S0016-5085(06)02474-7

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.019

Gastroenterology
Volume 132, Issue 1 , Pages 87-95 , January 2007