Gastroenterology
Volume 122, Issue 5 , Pages 1201-1215 , May 2002

Activated virus-specific T cells are early indicators of anti-CMV immune reactions in liver transplant patients

  • Christine Benz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gastroenterology
  • ,
  • Olaf Utermöhlen

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene
  • ,
  • Anna Wulf

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
  • ,
  • Brigitte Villmow

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
  • ,
  • Volker Dries

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne
  • ,
  • Tobias Goeser

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gastroenterology
  • ,
  • Ulrich Koszinowski

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Munich
  • ,
  • Dirk H. Busch

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

Received 26 August 2001 ,Accepted 3 January 2002.

References 

  1. Emery VC. Investigation of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54:84–88
  2. Fingeroth JD. Herpesvirus infection of the liver. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2000;14:689–719
  3. Kanj SS, Sharara AI, Clavien PA, Hamilton JD. Cytomegalovirus infection following liver transplantation: review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:537–549
  4. van Son WJ, The TH. Cytomegalovirus infection after organ transplantation: an update with special emphasis on renal transplantation. Transpl Int. 1989;2:147–164
  5. Duncan SR, Grgurich WF, Iacono AT, Burckart GJ, Yousem SA, Paradis IL, et al. A comparison of ganciclovir and acyclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus after lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:146–152
  6. Merigan TC, Renlund DG, Keay S, Bristow MR, Starnes V, O'Connell JB, et al. A controlled trial of ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after heart transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1182–1186
  7. Kelly JL, Albert RK, Wood DE, Raghu G. Efficacy of a 6-week prophylactic ganciclovir regimen and the role of serial cytomegalovirus antibody testing in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1995;59:1144–1147
  8. Winston D, Wirin D, Shaked A, Busuttil R. Randomised comparison of ganciclovir and high-dose acyclovir for long-term cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in liver-transplant recipients. Lancet. 1995;346:69–74
  9. Gane E, Saliba F, Valdecasas GJ, O'Grady J, Pescovitz MD, Lyman S, et al. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver-transplant recipients. The Oral Ganciclovir International Transplantation Study Group Lancet. 1997;350:1729–1733
  10. Evans P, A AS , Wreghitt T, Taylor C, Wight DG, Alexander G. An association between cytomegalovirus infection and chronic rejection after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2000;69:30–35
  11. Humar A, Gregson D, Caliendo A, McGeer A, Malkan G, Krajden M, et al. Clinical utility of quantitative cytomegalovirus viral load determination for predicting cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1999;68:1305–1311
  12. Barkholt LM, Ehrnst A, Veress B. Clinical use of immunohistopathologic methods for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in human liver allograft biopsy specimens. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:553–560
  13. Stratta R, Shaefer M, Markin R, Wood R, Kennedy E, Langnas A, et al. Clinical patterns of cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation. Arch Surg. 1989;124:1443–1449
  14. Lautenschlager I, Hockerstedt K, Salmela K, Isoniemi H, Holmberg C, Jalanko H, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the monitoring of liver allografts. Different cellular findings during rejection and cytomegalovirus infection. Transplantation. 1990;50:798–803
  15. Theise N, Conn M, Thung S. Localization of cytomegalovirus antigens in liver allografts over time. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:103–108
  16. Lautenschlager I, Hockerstedt K, Jalanko H, Loginov R, Salmela K, Taskinen E, et al. Persistent cytomegalovirus in liver allografts with chronic rejection. Hepatology. 1997;25:190–194
  17. Arnold J, Portmann B, O'Grady J, Naoumov N, Alexander G, Williams R. Cytomegalovirus infection persists in the liver graft in the vanishing bile duct syndrome. Hepatology. 1992;16:285–292
  18. Lao WC, Lee D, Burroughs AK, Lanzani G, Rolles K, Emery VC, et al. Use of polymerase chain reaction to provide prognostic information on human cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation. J Med Virol. 1997;51:152–158
  19. Evans PC, Coleman N, Wreghitt TG, Wight DG, Alexander GJ. Cytomegalovirus infection of bile duct epithelial cells, hepatic artery and portal venous endothelium in relation to chronic rejection of liver grafts. J Hepatol. 1999;31:913–920
  20. Singhal S, Shaw J, Ainsworth J, Hathaway M, Gillespie G, Paris H, et al. Direct visualization and quantitation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in liver transplant patients. Transplantation. 2000;69:2251–2259
  21. Gillespie GM, Wills MR, Appay V, O'Callaghan C, Murphy M, Smith N, et al. Functional heterogeneity and high frequencies of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes in healthy seropositive donors. J Virol. 2000;74:8140–8150
  22. Altman JD, Moss PAH, Goulder PJR, Barouch DH, McHeyzer-Williams MG, Bell JI, et al. Phenotypic analysis of antigen specific T lymphocytes. Science. 1996;274:94–96
  23. Busch DH, Pilip IM, Vijh S, Pamer EG. Coordinate regulation of complex T cell populations responding to bacterial infection. Immunity. 1998;8:353–362
  24. McMichael A, O'Callaghan C. A new look at T cells. J Exp Med. 1998;187:1367–1371
  25. Schatz PJ. Use of peptide libraries to map the substrate specificity of a peptide modifying enzyme: a 13 residue consensus peptide specifies biotinylation in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology. 1993;11:1138–1143
  26. Garboczi DN, Gosh P, Utz U, Fan QR, Biddison WE, Wiley DC. Structure of the complex between human T-cell receptor, viral peptide and HLA-A2. Nature. 1996;384:134–141
  27. Busch DH, Pamer EG. Killer cell assays. In:  Kaufmann S editors. Methods in microbiology. Volume 25:San Diego, CA: Academic; 1998;
  28. Busch D, Kerksiek K, Pamer E. Processing of Listeria monocytogenes antigens and the in vivo T-cell response to bacterial infection. Immunol Rev. 1999;172:163–169
  29. Badovinac VP, Harty JT. Intracellular staining for TNF and IFN-gamma detects different frequencies of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. J Immunol Methods. 2000;238:107–117
  30. Murali-Krishna K, Altman JD, Suresh M, Sourdive DJ, Zajac AJ, Miller JD, et al. Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. Immunity. 1998;8:177–187
  31. Lechner F, Cuero AL, Kantzanou M, Klenerman P. Studies of human antiviral CD8+ lymphocytes using class I peptide tetramers. Rev Med Virol. 2001;11:11–22
  32. Jin X, Demoitie MA, Donahoe SM, Ogg GS, Bonhoeffer S, Kakimoto WM, et al. High frequency of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-effector cells in HLA-A*0201-positive subjects during multiple viral coinfections. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:165–175
  33. Hassan-Walker A, Cuero AV, Mattes F, Klenerman P, Lechner F, Burroughs A, et al. CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte responses against cytomegalovirus after liver transplantation: correlation with time from transplant to receipt of tacrolimus. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:835–843
  34. Engstrand M, Tournay C, Peyrat MA, Eriksson BM, Wadstrom J, Wirgart BZ, et al. Characterization of CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes using MHC tetramers in kidney transplant patients and healthy participants. Transplantation. 2000;69:2243–2250

 Address requests for reprints to: Dirk H. Busch, M.D., Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany. e-mail: dirk.busch@lrz.tum.de; fax: (49) 89-4140-4139.

☆☆ Supported by Köln-Fortune grant no. 4/2000 (to C.B.) and a Gerhard Hess fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to D.H.B.).

PII: S0016-5085(02)24498-4

Gastroenterology
Volume 122, Issue 5 , Pages 1201-1215 , May 2002