Gastroenterology
Volume 138, Issue 3 , Pages 942-948.e1 , March 2010

Effect of Puberty Onset on Spontaneous Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Seroconversion in Men

Received 9 September 2009 ,Accepted 23 November 2009.

References 

  1. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus: a prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan. Lancet. 1981;2:1129–1133
  2. Liu Z, Luo K, He H, et al. Hot-spot mutations in hepatitis B virus core gene: eliciting or evading immune clearance?. J Viral Hepat. 2005;12:146–153
  3. Fattovich G, Rugge M, Brollo L, et al. Clinical, virologic, and histologic outcome following seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in chronic hepatitis type B. Hepatology. 1986;6:167–172
  4. Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:168–174
  5. Ni YH, Chang MH, Chen PJ, et al. Viremia profiles in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and spontaneous e antigen seroconversion. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2340–2345
  6. Beasley RP, Trepo C, Stevens CE, et al. The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;105:94–98
  7. Hsu SC, Chang MH, Ni YH, et al. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993;16:66–69
  8. Hsu HY, Chang MH, Chen DS, et al. Baseline seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in children in Taipei, 1984: a study just before mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan. J Med Virol. 1986;18:301–307
  9. Chang MH, Sung JL, Lee CY, et al. Factors affecting clearance of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B surface antigen carrier children. J Pediatr. 1989;115:385–390
  10. Shiratori Y, Shiina S, Imamura M, et al. Characteristic difference of hepatocellular carcinoma between hepatitis B- and C-viral infection in Japan. Hepatology. 1995;22:1027–1033
  11. Lee CM, Lu SN, Changchien CS, et al. Age, gender, and local geographic variations of viral etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in a hyperendemic area for hepatitis B virus infection. Cancer. 1999;86:1143–1150
  12. Evans AA, Chen G, Ross EA, et al. Eight-year follow-up of the 90,000-person Haimen city cohort: I (hepatocellular carcinoma mortality, risk factors, and gender differences). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:369–376
  13. Chang MH, Shau WY, Chen CJ, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination and hepatocellular carcinoma rates in boys and girls. JAMA. 2000;284:3040–3042
  14. Taylor BC, Yuan JM, Shamliyan TA, et al. Clinical outcomes in adults with chronic hepatitis B in association with patients and viral characteristics: a systemic review of evidence. Hepatology. 2009;49:S85–S95
  15. Yu MW, Cheng SW, Lin MW, et al. Androgen-receptor gene CAG repeats, plasma testosterone levels, and risk of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:2023–2028
  16. Yeh SH, Chiu CM, Chen CL, et al. Somatic mutations at the trinucleotide repeats of androgen receptor gene in male hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2007;120:1610–1617
  17. Paz-y-Mino C, Witte T, Robles P, et al. Association among polymorphisms in the steroid 5alpha-reductase type II (SRD5A2) gene, prostate cancer risk, and pathologic characteristics of prostate tumors in an Ecuadorian population. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2009;189:71–76
  18. Yu MW, Yang YC, Yang SY, et al. Hormonal markers and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a nested case-control study among men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:1644–1651
  19. Beilin J, Ball EM, Favaloro JM, et al. Effect of the androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism on transcriptional activity: specificity in prostate and non-prostate cell lines. J Mol Endocrinol. 2000;25:85–96
  20. Mhatre AN, Trifiro MA, Kaufman M, et al. Reduced transcriptional regulatory competence of the androgen receptor in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular dystrophy. Nat Genet. 1993;5:184–188
  21. Makridakis N, Ross RK, Pike MC, et al. A prevalent missense substitution that modulates activity of prostate steroid 5α reductase. Cancer Res. 1997;57:1020–1022
  22. Gray A, Feldman HA, McKinlay JB, et al. An examination of research design effects on the association of testosterone and male aging: results of a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:671–684
  23. Gapstur SM, Gann PH, Kopp P, et al. Serum androgen concentrations in young men: a longitudinal analysis of associations with age, obesity, and race (The CARDIA male hormone study). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:1041–1047
  24. Yeh SH, Tsai CY, Kao JH, et al. Quantification and genotyping of hepatitis B virus in a single reaction by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J Hepatol. 2004;41:659–666
  25. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Krithivas K, et al. The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:3320–3323
  26. Wu JF, Chen CH, Hsieh RP, et al. HLA typing associated with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective sibling cohort study in Taiwan. J Pediatr. 2006;148:647–651
  27. Yeo W, Zee B, Zhong S, et al. Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associating with hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1306–1311
  28. Farrell GC, Joshua DE, Uren RF, et al. Androgen-induced hepatoma. The Lancet. 1975;1:430–432
  29. Dai WS, Kuller LH, LaPorte RE, et al. The epidemiology of plasma testosterone levels in middle aged men. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;114:804–816

 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.

 Funding This work was supported by grant NSC 96-2628-B-002-017-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan and grant NHRI-EX97-9418BI from the National Health Research Institute of Taiwan. The authors thank Mr De-Shiuan Su and Ms Hui-Chuan Lee, from the Department of Pediatrics of National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, for laboratory assistance.

PII: S0016-5085(09)02103-9

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.051

Gastroenterology
Volume 138, Issue 3 , Pages 942-948.e1 , March 2010