Gastroenterology
Volume 138, Issue 1 , Pages 315-324 , January 2010

Spontaneous Control of Primary Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Immunity Against Persistent Reinfection

  • William O. Osburn

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • Brian E. Fisher

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • Kimberly A. Dowd

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • Giselle Urban

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • Lin Liu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
  • ,
  • Stuart C. Ray

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
    • Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • David L. Thomas

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
  • ,
  • Andrea L. Cox

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
    • Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests Address requests for reprints to: Andrea L. Cox, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Rangos Building, Suite 530, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Received 16 January 2009 ,Accepted 15 September 2009.

References 

  1. Cox A, Netski D, Mosbruger T, et al. Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:951–958
  2. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998;47(RR-19):1–39Oct 16
  3. Garfein RS, Doherty MC, Monterroso ER, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18(suppl 1):S11–S19
  4. Villano SA, Vlahov D, Nelson KE, et al. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:3274–3277
  5. Hagan H, Thiede H, Weiss NS, et al. Sharing of drug preparation equipment as a risk factor for hepatitis C. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:42–46
  6. Hagan H, Pouget ER, Des Jarlais DC, et al. Meta-regression of hepatitis C virus infection in relation to time since onset of illicit drug injection: the influence of time and place. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:1099–1109
  7. Cox AL, Mosbruger T, Lauer GM, et al. Comprehensive analyses of CD8+ T cell responses during longitudinal study of acute human hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2005;42:104–112
  8. Lanford RE, Bigger C, Bassett S, et al. The chimpanzee model of hepatitis C virus infections. Ilar J. 2001;42:117–126
  9. Bassett SE, Guerra B, Brasky K, et al. Protective immune response to hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees rechallenged following clearance of primary infection. Hepatology. 2001;33:1479–1487
  10. Prince AM, Brotman B, Lee DH, et al. Protection against chronic hepatitis C virus infection after rechallenge with homologous, but not heterologous, genotypes in a chimpanzee model. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:1701–1709
  11. Folgori A, Capone S, Ruggeri L, et al. A T-cell HCV vaccine eliciting effective immunity against heterologous virus challenge in chimpanzees. Nat Med. 2006;12:190–197
  12. Lanford RE, Guerra B, Chavez D, et al. Cross-genotype immunity to hepatitis C virus. J Virol. 2004;78:1575–1581
  13. Mehta SH, Cox A, Hoover DR, et al. Protection against persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet. 2002;359:1478–1483
  14. Grebely J, Conway B, Raffa J, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users. Hepatology. 2006;44:1139–1145
  15. Aitken CK, Lewis J, Tracy SL, et al. High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users. Hepatology. 2008;48:1746–1752
  16. Ray SC, Arthur RR, Carella A, et al. Genetic epidemiology of hepatitis C virus throughout Egypt. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:698–707
  17. Jeanmougin F, Thompson JD, Gouy M, et al. Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X. Trends Biochem Sci. 1998;23:403–405
  18. Los Alamos National Laboratory. HCV phylogenetic placement service. http://hcv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/phyloplace/PhyloPlace.htmlAccessed June 2009
  19. Hsu M, Zhang J, Flint M, et al. Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins mediate pH-dependent cell entry of pseudotyped retroviral particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:7271–7276
  20. Logvinoff C, Major ME, Oldach D, et al. Neutralizing antibody response during acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10149–10154
  21. Dowd KA, Hershow RC, Yawetz S, et al. Maternal neutralizing antibody and transmission of hepatitis C virus to infants. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1651–1655
  22. Lechner F, Gruener NH, Urbani S, et al. CD8+ T lymphocyte responses are induced during acute hepatitis C virus infection but are not sustained. Eur J Immunol. 2000;30:2479–2487
  23. Cooper S, Erickson AL, Adams EJ, et al. Analysis of a successful immune response against hepatitis C virus. Immunity. 1999;10:439–449
  24. Dowd KA, Netski DM, Wang XH, et al. Selection pressure from neutralizing antibodies drives sequence evolution during acute infection with hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:2377–2386
  25. Thimme R, Oldach D, Chang KM, et al. Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Exp Med. 2001;194:1395–1406
  26. Nascimbeni M, Mizukoshi E, Bosmann M, et al. Kinetics of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell responses during hepatitis C virus rechallenge of previously recovered chimpanzees. J Virol. 2003;77:4781–4793
  27. Shoukry NH, Grakoui A, Houghton M, et al. Memory CD8+ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Exp Med. 2003;197:1645–1655
  28. Keck ZY, Li TK, Xia J, et al. Definition of a conserved immunodominant domain on hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 2008;82:6061–6066
  29. Owsianka AM, Tarr AW, Keck ZY, et al. Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein. J Gen Virol. 2008;89:653–659
  30. Laskus T, Wang LF, Radkowski M, et al. Exposure of hepatitis C virus-negative recipients to > or =2 infected blood donors. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:666–669

 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.

 Funding This work was supported by: National Institutes of Health grants U19AI040035, R01DA024565, and T32AI07247, as well as grants from The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation and The Dana Foundation.

PII: S0016-5085(09)01658-8

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.017

Gastroenterology
Volume 138, Issue 1 , Pages 315-324 , January 2010