Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 1 , Pages 94-100 , July 2009

Anxiety Is Associated With Uninvestigated and Functional Dyspepsia (Rome III Criteria) in a Swedish Population-Based Study

  • Pertti Aro

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests Address requests for reprints to: Pertti Aro, MD, PhD, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 12, S-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden. fax: (+358) 30 633 8802
    • ,
  • Nicholas J. Talley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
    • Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
    • ,
  • Jukka Ronkainen

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Tom Storskrubb

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Michael Vieth

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Pathology, Bayreuth, Germany
    • ,
  • Sven–Erik Johansson

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Elisabeth Bolling–Sternevald

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
    • ,
  • Lars Agréus

      Affiliations

    • Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Received 19 August 2008 ,Accepted 17 March 2009.

References 

  1. Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, et al. Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 1992;102:1259–1268
  2. Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Boyce PM. Epidemiology and health care seeking in the functional GI disorders: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2290–2299
  3. Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Boyce PM. Predictors of health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and non-ulcer dyspepsia: a critical review of the literature on symptom and psychosocial factors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:1340–1349
  4. Agréus L, Borgquist L. The cost of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease in Sweden. [published correction appears in Pharmacoeconomics 2003;21:148] Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20:347–355
  5. Johnsen R, Straume B, Forde OH. Peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia—a disease and a disorder. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1988;6:239–243
  6. Bernersen B, Johnsen R, Straume B. Non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer: the distribution in a population and their relation to risk factors. Gut. 1996;38:822–825
  7. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The prevalence and risk factors of functional dyspepsia in a multiethnic population in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:2210–2216
  8. Lu CL, Lang HC, Chang FY, et al. Prevalence and health/social impacts of functional dyspepsia in Taiwan: a study based on the Rome criteria questionnaire survey assisted by endoscopic exclusion among a physical check-up population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:402–411
  9. Drossman DA, Richter JE, Talley NJ, et al. The functional gastrointestinal disorders. 1st ed.. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company; 1994;
  10. Drossman DA, Corazziari E, Thompson WG, et al. Rome II (The functional gastrointestinal disorders). 2nd ed.. McLean, VA: Degnon Associates; 2000;
  11. Tack J, Talley NJ, Camilleri M, et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1466–1479
  12. Stanghellini V, Tosetti C, Barbara G, et al. Dyspeptic symptoms and gastric emptying in the irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2738–2743
  13. Talley NJ, Locke GR, Lahr BD, et al. Functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired quality of life. Gut. 2006;55:933–939
  14. Moayyedi P, Soo S, Deeks J, et al. Eradication of H. pylori for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2):CD002096
  15. Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Boyce PM. Does psychological distress modulate functional gastrointestinal symptoms and health care seeking? (A prospective, community cohort study). Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:789–797
  16. Pajala M, Heikkinen M, Hintikka J. Mental distress in patients with functional or organic dyspepsia: a comparative study with a sample of the general population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:277–281
  17. Li Y, Nie Y, Sha W, et al. The link between psychosocial factors and functional dyspepsia: an epidemiological study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2002;115:1082–1084
  18. Talley NJ, Walker M, Aro P, et al. Non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia: an adult endoscopic population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:1175–1183
  19. Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, et al. Valid symptom reporting at upper endoscopy in a random sample of the Swedish adult general population (The Kalixanda study). Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:1280–1288
  20. Agréus L, Svärdsudd K, Nyrén O, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a postal questionnaire (The abdominal symptom study). Scand J Prim Health Care. 1993;11:252–262
  21. Aro P, Storskrubb T, Ronkainen J, et al. Peptic ulcer disease in a general adult population (The Kalixanda study: a random population-based study). Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:1025–1034
  22. Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, et al. Validation of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Finnish of the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Complaint Score Questionnaire. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:1201–1208
  23. World Health Organization. Obesity; preventing and managing the global epidemic (Report of a WHO consultation on obesity, 3–5 June 1997, Geneva, Switzerland). www.who.int/nut/documents/obesity_executive_summary.pdf
  24. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: a Kalixanda study report. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:275–285
  25. Agréus L, Talley NJ, Svärdsudd K, et al. Identifying dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: the value of pain or discomfort, and bowel habit descriptors. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000;35:142–151
  26. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361–370
  27. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:1825–1831
  28. Armstrong D, Bennett JR, Blum AL, et al. The endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: a progress report on observer agreement. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:85–92
  29. Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut. 1999;45:172–180
  30. Storskrubb T, Aro P, Ronkainen J, et al. A negative H. pylori serology test is more reliable for exclusion of premalignant gastric conditions than a negative test for current Hp infection: a report on histology and H. pylori detection in the general adult population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:302–311
  31. Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, et al. Classification and grading of gastritis (The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994). Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:1161–1181
  32. Stata Corporation. The intercooled Stata 8 program. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2003;
  33. Ålander T, Svärdsudd K, Johansson SE, et al. Psychological illness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders and is important to consider during patient consultation: a population-based study. BMC Med. 2005;3:8
  34. Pajala M, Heikkinen M, Hintikka J. A prospective 1-year follow-up study in patients with functional or organic dyspepsia: changes in gastrointestinal symptoms, mental distress and fear of serious illness. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1241–1246
  35. Van Kerkhoven LA, Laheij RJ, Aparicio N, et al. Effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine in functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:746–752
  36. Hashash JG, Abdul-Baki H, Azar C, et al. Clinical trial: a randomized controlled cross-over study of flupenthixol + melitracen in functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:1148–1155
  37. Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Geeraerts B, et al. Determinants of symptoms in functional dyspepsia: gastric sensorimotor function, psychosocial factors or somatization?. Gut. 2008;57:1666–1673
  38. Camilleri CE, Carlson PJ, Camilleri M, et al. A study of candidate genotypes associated with dyspepsia in a U.S. community. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:581–592
  39. Nandurkar S, Talley NJ, Xia H, et al. Dyspepsia in the community is linked to smoking and aspirin use but not to H. pylori infection. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1427–1433
  40. Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, et al. Smoking, alcohol, and analgesics in dyspepsia and among dyspepsia subgroups: lack of an association in a community. Gut. 1994;35:619–624
  41. Hawkey C, Talley NJ, Yeomans ND, et al. Improvements with esomeprazole in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1028–1036
  42. Jacobson BC, Somers SC, Fuchs CS, et al. Body-mass index and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2340–2348
  43. Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG, et al. Initial poor quality of life and new onset of dyspepsia: results from a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. Gut. 2007;56:321–327
  44. Talley NJ, Howell S, Poulton R. Obesity and chronic gastrointestinal tract symptoms in young adults: a birth cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1807–1814

 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose the following: E.B.-S. is an employee of AstraZeneca. The remaining authors disclose no conflicts.

 Funding Supported in part by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Society of Medicine (Stockholm, Sweden), Mag-Tarm Sjukas Förbund (Stockholm, Sweden), the Norrbotten County Council, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D (Mölndal, Sweden). The study sponsors had no role in the study design or in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

PII: S0016-5085(09)00467-3

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.039

Gastroenterology
Volume 137, Issue 1 , Pages 94-100 , July 2009

Article Tools