Gastroenterology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 393-396 , February 2009

Treatment of HBV/HCV Coinfection: Releasing the Enemy Within

  • Stuart C. Gordon

      Affiliations

    • Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Stuart C. Gordon, MD, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202. fax: (313) 916-9487
  • ,
  • Kenneth E. Sherman

      Affiliations

    • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

References 

  1. Liu CJ, Chuang WL, Lee CM, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of dual chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:496–504
  2. Bodsworth N, Donovan B, Nightingale BN, et al. The effect of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection on chronic hepatitis B: a study of 150 homosexual men. J Infect Dis. 1989;160:577–582
  3. Fiore G, Angarano I, Caccetta L, et al. In-situ immunophenotyping study of hepatic-infiltrating cytotoxic cells in chronic active hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997;9:491–496
  4. Bonorino P, Leroy V, Dufeu-Duchesne T, et al. Features and distribution of CD8 T cells with human leukocyte antigen class I-specific receptor expression in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2007;46:1375–1386
  5. Takaku S, Nakagawa Y, Shimizu M, et al. Induction of hepatic injury by hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes in transgenic mice expressing the viral structural genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;301:330–337
  6. Guidotti LG, Chisari FV. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:23–61
  7. Ray SC, Mao Q, Lanford RE, et al. Hypervariable region 1 sequence stability during hepatitis C virus replication in chimpanzees. J Virol. 2000;74:3058–3066
  8. Ishii S, Koziel MJ. Immune responses during acute and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus. Clin Immunol. 2008;128:133–147
  9. Gale M, Foy EM. Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2005;18:436;939–945
  10. Bortolami M, Kotsafti A, Cardin R, et al. Fas/FasL system, IL-1beta expression and apoptosis in chronic HBV and HCV liver disease. J Viral Hepatol. 2008;15:515–522
  11. Maev IV, Nikushkina IN, Samsonov AA, et al. Features of combined (HBV/HCV-infection) viral lesion of the liver. Ter Arkh. 2008;80:57–61
  12. Liaw YF, Chen YC, Sheen IS, et al. Impact of acute hepatitis C virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1024–1029
  13. Rodriguez-Inigo E, Bartolome J, Ortiz-Movilla N, et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can co-infect the same hepatocytes in the liver of patients with chronic HCV and occult HBV infection. J Virol. 2005;79:15578–15581
  14. Coffin CS, Mulrooney-Cousins PM, et al. Profound suppression of chronic hepatitis C following superinfection with hepatitis B virus. Liver Int. 2007;27:722–726
  15. Coppola N, Pisapia R, Tonziello G, et al. Virological pattern in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissue and clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B and C virus coinfection. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:307–318
  16. Brotman B, Prince AM, Huima T, et al. Interference between non-A, non-B and hepatitis B virus infection in chimpanzees. J Med Virol. 1983;11:191–205
  17. Bradley DW, Maynard JE, McCaustland KA, et al. Non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees: interference with acute hepatitis A virus and chronic hepatitis B virus infections. J Med Virol. 1983;11:207–213
  18. Shih CM, Lo SJ, Miyamura T, et al. Suppression of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by hepatitis C virus core protein in HuH-7 cells. J Virol. 1993;67:5823–5832
  19. Schüttler CG, Fiedler N, Schmidt K, et al. Suppression of hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 and 2 by hepatitis C virus core protein. J Hepatol. 2002;37:855–862
  20. Chen SY, Kao CF, Chen CM, et al. Mechanisms for inhibition of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication by hepatitis C virus core protein. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:591–607
  21. Kew MC, Yu MC, Kedda MA, et al. The relative roles of hepatitis B and C viruses in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in southern African blacks. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:184–187
  22. Chiaramonte M, Stroffolini T, Vian A, et al. Rate of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated viral cirrhosis. Cancer. 1999;85:2132–2137
  23. Gordon SC, Dailey PJ, Silverman AL, et al. Sequential serum hepatitis C viral RNA levels longitudinally assessed by branched DNA signal amplification. Hepatology. 1998;28:1702–1706
  24. Raimondo G, Brunetto M, Pontisso P, et al. Longitudinal evaluation reveals a complex spectrum of virological profiles in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. Hepatology. 2006;43:100–107
  25. Pontisso P, Ruvoletto MG, Fattovich G, et al. Clinical and virological profiles in patients with multiple hepatitis infections. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1529–1533
  26. Liaw YF, Tsai SL, Chang JJ, et al. Displacement of hepatitis B virus by hepatitis C virus as the cause of continuing chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1994;106:1048–1053
  27. Zarski JP, Bohn B, Bastie A, et al. Characteristics of patients with dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses. J Hepatol. 1998;28:27–33
  28. Chu CJ, Lee SD. Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection: epidemiology, clinical features, viral interactions and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23:512–520
  29. Yuen MF, Yuan HG, Wong DK, et al. Prognostic determinants for chronic hepatitis B in Asians: therapeutic implications. Gut. 2005;54:1610–1614
  30. Marcellin P, Brunetto M, Bonino F, et al. In patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B HBsAg serum levels early during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a predict HBsAg clearance 4 years post-treatment. Hepatology. 2008;4(Suppl 2):718A;(abstract #919)
  31. Manesis EK, Hadziyannis ES, Angelopoulou OP, et al. Prediction of treatment-related HBsAg loss in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B: a clue from serum HBsAg levels. Antivir Ther. 2007;12:73–82
  32. Mrani S, Chemin I, Menouar K, et al. Occult HBV infection may represent a major risk factor of non-response to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol. 2007;79:1075–1081

 The author discloses no conflicts.

PII: S0016-5085(08)02194-X

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.017

Gastroenterology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 393-396 , February 2009