Gastroenterology
Volume 87, Issue 1 , Pages 17-27 , July 1984

Proteinase activities of Entamoeba histolytica cytotoxin

  • William B. Lushbaugh

      Affiliations

    • Veterans Administration Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
    • ,
  • Ann F. Hofbauer

      Affiliations

    • Dr. Lushbaugh is currently at the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216 USA
    • ,
  • Fred E. Pittman

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to: Fred E. Pittman, M.D., Ph.D., Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29403.

Received 1 March 1983 ,Accepted 20 January 1984.

References 

  1. Jarumilinta R, Kradolfer F. The toxic effect of Entamoeba histolytica on leucocytes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1964;58:375–381
  2. Eaton RDP, Meerovitch E, Costerton JW. The functional morphology of pathogenicity in Entamoeba histolytica. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1970;64:299–304
  3. Knight R, Bird RG, McCaul TF. Fine structural changes at Entamoeba histolytica rabbit kidney cell (RK 13) interface. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1975;69:197–202
  4. Bos HJ, Van de Griend RJ. Virulence and toxicity of axenic Entamoeba histolytica. Nature. 1977;265:341–343
  5. Knight R. An in vitro model for measuring the cytopathic effect of Entamoeba histolytica. J Parasitol. 1977;63:388–389
  6. Mattern CFT, Keister DB, Caspar PA. Experimental amebiasis. III. A rapid in vitro assay for virulence of Entamoeba histolytica. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978;27:882–887
  7. Lushbaugh WB, Kairalla AB, Hofbauer AF, et al.  Cytotoxic activity of a cell-free extract of Entamoeba histolytica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1978;72:105–106
  8. Lushbaugh WB, Kairalla AB, Cantey JR, et al.  Isolation of a cytotoxin-enterotoxin from Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis. 1979;139:9–17
  9. Lushbaugh WB, Kairalla AB, Hofbauer AF, et al.  Inhibition of Entamoeba histolylica cytotoxin by alpha-1 antiprotease and alpha-2 macroglobulin. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30:575–585
  10. Mattern CFT, Keister DB, Natovitz PC. Entamoeba histolytica “toxin”: fetuin neutralizable and lectin-like. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;29:26–30
  11. Bos HJ. Entamoeba histolytica: cytopathogenicity of intact amebae and cell-free extracts; isolation and characterization of an intracellular toxin. Exp Parasitol. 1979;47:369–377
  12. Bos HJ, Leijendeckker WJ, van den Eijk AA. Entamoeba histolytica: cytopathogenicity, including serum effects on contact dependent and toxin-induced lysis of hamster kidney cell monolayers. Exp Parasitol. 1980;50:342–348
  13. Ravdin JI, Croft BY, Guerrant RL. Cytopathogenic mechanisms of Entamoeba histolytica. J Exp Med. 1980;152:377–389
  14. McGowan R, Deneke CF, Thorne GM, et al.  Entamoeba histolytica cytotoxin: purification, characterization, strain virulence and protease activity. J Infect Dis. 1982;146:616–625
  15. Lushbaugh WB, Hofbauer AF, Kairalla AA, et al.  Relationship of cytotoxins of axenically cultivated Entamoeba histolytica to virulence. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:1488–1495
  16. Udezulu IA, Leitch GJ, Bailey GB. Use of indomethacin to demonstrate enterotoxic activity in extracts of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Infect Immun. 1982;36:795–801
  17. Phillips BP, Diamond LS, Bartis IL, et al.  Results of intracecal inoculation of germfree and conventional guinea pigs and germfree rats with axenically cultivated Entamoeba histolytica. J Protozool. 1972;19:498–499
  18. Diamond LS, Harlow DR, Cunnick CC. A new medium for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other Entamoeba. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1978;72:431–432
  19. Puck TT, Cieciura SJ, Robinson A. Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. III. Long-term cultivation of euploid cells from human and animal subjects. J Exp Med. 1958;108:945–956
  20. Determan H, Brewer JE. Gel chromatography. In: Chromatography. 6th ed..  Hertman EP editors. A lab handbook of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold; 1975;p. 362–392
  21. Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann Biochem. 1976;71:248–254
  22. Hebert GA, Pelham PL, Pittman B. Determination of the optimal ammonium sulfate concentration for the fractionation of rabbit, sheep, horse, and goat antisera. Appl Microbiol. 1973;25:26–36
  23. Virca GD, Travis J, Hall PK, et al.  Purification of human α2-macroglobulin by chromatography on Cibacron Blue Sepharose. Anal Biochem. 1978;89:274–278
  24. Travis J, Bowen J, Tewksbury D, et al.  Isolation of albumin from whole human plasma and fractionation of a albumindepleted plasma. Biochem J. 1976;157:301–306
  25. Arnaud P, Galbraith RM, Chapuis-Cellier , et al.  Purification of proteins by subtraction affinity chromatography. In:  Peeters H editors. Protides of the biological fluids, proceedings of the twenty-sixth colloquium. New York: Pergamon; 1979;p. 649–652
  26. Ouchterlony O. Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis. Prog Allergy. 1958;5:1–78
  27. Dulbecco R, Freeman G. Plaque formation by the polyoma virus. Virology. 1959;8:396–397
  28. Fritz H, Hochstrasser K. Proteinase (elastase) inhibitors from dog submandibular glands. In: 6th ed..  Lorand L editors. Methods in enzymology. 45:New York: Academic; 1976;p. 860–869
  29. McLaughlin J, Faubert G. Partial purification and some properties of a neutral sulfhydryl proteinase and an acid proteinase from E. histolytica. Can J Microbiol. 1977;23:420–425
  30. Barrett AJ. Cathepsin D purification of isoenzymes from human and chicken liver. Biochem J. 1970;117:610–617
  31. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ, et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265–275
  32. Barrett AJ. Lysosomal acid proteinase of rabbit liver. Biochem J. 1967;104:601–608
  33. Schwabe C. A fluorescent assay for proteolytic enzymes. Anal Biochem. 1973;53:484–490
  34. Umezawa H. Structures and activities of protease inhibitors of microbial origin. In: 6th ed..  Lorand L editors. Methods in enzymology. 45:New York: Academic; 1976;p. 678–695
  35. Righetti PG, Drysdale JW. Isoelectric focusing. New York: Elsevier North-Holland; 1979;
  36. Barrett AJ. Cathepsin B and other thiol proteinases. In:  Barrett AJ editors. Proteinases in mammalian cells. New York: Elsevier North-Holland; 1977;p. 181–208
  37. Barrett AJ. Cathepsin D and other carboxyl proteinases. In:  Barrett AJ editors. Proteinases in mammalian cells. New York: Elsevier North-Holland; 1977;p. 209–248
  38. Barrett AJ. Introduction to the history and classification of tissue proteinases. In:  Barrett AJ editors. Proteinases in mammalian cells. New York: Elsevier North-Holland; 1977;p. 1–55
  39. Barrett AJ. Human cathepsin B1. Purification and some properties of the enzyme. Biochem J. 1973;131:809–822
  40. Starkey PM. The serine proteinases of human neutrophil leucocytes and spleen. In:  Barrett AJ editors. Proteinases in mammalian cells. New York: Elsevier North-Holland; 1977;p. 57–89
  41. Gadasi H, Kessler E. Correlation of virulence and collaginolytic activity on Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun. 1983;39:528–531
  42. Recklies AD, Tiltman KJ, Stoker AM, et al.  Secretion of proteinases from malignant and non-malignant breast tissue. Cancer Res. 1980;40:550–556
  43. Sloane BF, Dunn JR, Horn KV. Lysosomal cathepsin B; correlation with metastatic potential. Science. 1981;212:1151–1153
  44. Bieth J. Elastases: structure, function and pathological role. Front Matrix Biol. 1978;6:1–82
  45. Ohlsson K. Purification and properties of granulocyte collagenase and elastase. In: Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Baltimore Maryland: Urban and Swartzenberg; 1978;p. 89–101
  46. Pittman FE, El-Hashimi WK, Pittman JC. Studies of human amebiasis. II. Light and electron-microscopic observations of the colonic mucosa and exudate in acute amebal colitis. Gastroenterology. 1973;65:588–603
  47. Takuechi A, Phillips B. Electron microscope studies of experimental Entamoeba histolytica infection in the guinea pig. I. Penetration of the intestinal epithelium by trophozoites. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1975;24:34–48
  48. Juarumilinta R, Maegraith BC. Enzymes of E. histolytica. Bull WHO. 1969;41:269–273
  49. Neal RA. Enzymic proteolysis by Entamoeba histolytica: biochemical characteristics and relationship with invasiveness. Parasitology. 1960;50:531–550
  50. Gadasi H, Kobiler D. Entamoeba histolytica: correlation between virulence and content of proteolytic enzymes. Exp Parasitol. 1983;55:105–110

☆ This study was supported in part by the Veterans Administration and the National Institutes of Health (#AI-12649).

PII: 0016-5085(84)90121-5

Gastroenterology
Volume 87, Issue 1 , Pages 17-27 , July 1984

Article Tools